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实验题目
VLAN 间路由实验
实验目的
掌握 VLAN 间静态路由的配置和使用方法，熟悉三层交换机的配置方法。
注意事项
- 一开始要重启电脑和路由器交换机(#reload)
- 参与 ping 的实验网网卡如果要设置默认网关，则需要删除校园网的默认网关
- 注意关闭 windows 防火墙。
- 如果连不上路由器交换机，要查看前面的 console 线是否接好或者进行清理线头(见 00、实验基本操作)
实验命令
交换机配置 VLAN
(config)#vlan 3 !建立VLAN 3
(config)#interface f0/2
(config-if)#switchport access vlan 3 ！把接口f0/2配置为vlan3主机接口
(config)#interface f0/4
(config-if)#switchport mode trunk ！把接口f0/4配置为主干接口
路由器配置子接口
(config)#interface f0/2
(config-if)#no ip address !删除F0/2已配置的IP地址
(config-if)#exit
(config)#interface f0/2.30 !定义子接口f0/2.30
(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q 30 !用802.1Q标准封装成VLAN帧(VLAN ID为30)
(config-if)#ip address 192.168.30.23 255.255.255.0 !配置子接口的IP地址
(config)#interface f0/2.40 !定义子接口f0/2.40
配置虚接口
(config)#int vlan 40 ！进入虚接口模式
(config-vlan)#ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0 ！配置vlan40的IP地址
显示信息
#show interface [f0/1] ! 显示所有接口(或接口f0/1)的详细信息
#show ip interface [f0/1] ! 显示所有接口(或接口f0/1)的简略信息
! f0/1 is up(物理层正确，即接线正确)，line protocol is
up(数据链路层正确，有类似KeepAlive信号)
#show ip interface brief ! 显示所有接口的简略信息
#show ip route ! 显示路由表
#show vlan ! 显示所有VLAN接口
#show running-config ! 显示当前配置文件
实验任务
完成下图「多臂路由实验」(通过路由器的多个以太网接口实现二层交换机的 VLAN 间路由), 要求所有主机之间可以相互 ping 通。配置路由器之前 PC1 尝试 ping 其它 PC，截屏，配置路由器后再用 PC1 尝试 ping 其它主机，截屏。注意：PC 要配置默认网关
1a、配置路由器的接口 IP 地址之前显示 Router1 的路由表并截屏，PC1 Ping 其它 PC 并截屏(ping -n 1 IP 地址)
1b、配置路由器的接口之后显示 Router1 的路由表并截屏，PC1 Ping 其它 PC 并截屏
1c、写出 PC3 ping PC4 经过的设备 写法举例：PC1->Switch1->Router1->Switch1->PC2
PC3->Switch2->Switch1->Rounter1->Switch1->Switch2->PC4
1d、把以下内容存入文件 step1.txt:(A)显示 Switch1 的 VLAN； (B) 显示 Switch1 的配置；(C)显示 Switch2 的 VLAN；(D) Switch2 的配置; (E)显示 Router1 的路由表；(F) 显示 Router1 的接口（简略）；(G) 显示 Router1 的配置]
Switch 1 show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -----------------------------------
1 VLAN0001 STATIC Gi0/1, Gi0/2, Gi0/3, Gi0/4
Gi0/5, Gi0/6, Gi0/7, Gi0/8
Gi0/9, Gi0/11, Gi0/12, Gi0/13
Gi0/14, Gi0/15, Gi0/16, Gi0/17
Gi0/18, Gi0/19, Gi0/21, Gi0/22
Gi0/25, Gi0/26, Gi0/27, Gi0/28
10 VLAN0010 STATIC Gi0/6, Gi0/10, Gi0/23
20 VLAN0020 STATIC Gi0/6, Gi0/20, Gi0/24
Switch 1 show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 1470 bytes
!
version RGOS 10.4(2b12)p2 Release(180357)(Mon Dec 1 17:42:40 CST 2014 -ngcf64)
hostname 19-S5750-1
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
nfpp
!
!
vlan 1
!
vlan 10
!
vlan 20
!
!
no service password-encryption
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/1
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/2
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/3
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/4
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/5
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/6
switchport mode trunk
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/7
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/8
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/9
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/10
switchport access vlan 10
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/11
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/12
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/13
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/14
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/15
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/16
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/17
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/18
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/19
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/20
switchport access vlan 20
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/21
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/22
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/23
switchport access vlan 10
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/24
switchport access vlan 20
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/25
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/26
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/27
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/28
!
interface VLAN 10
no ip proxy-arp
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
login
password b402
!
!
end
VLAN2
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -----------------------------------
1 VLAN0001 STATIC Gi0/1, Gi0/2, Gi0/3, Gi0/4
Gi0/5, Gi0/6, Gi0/7, Gi0/8
Gi0/9, Gi0/11, Gi0/12, Gi0/13
Gi0/14, Gi0/15, Gi0/16, Gi0/17
Gi0/18, Gi0/19, Gi0/21, Gi0/22
Gi0/23, Gi0/24, Gi0/25, Gi0/26
Gi0/27, Gi0/28
10 VLAN0010 STATIC Gi0/6, Gi0/10
20 VLAN0020 STATIC Gi0/6, Gi0/20
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 1374 bytes
!
version RGOS 10.4(2b12)p2 Release(180357)(Mon Dec 1 17:42:40 CST 2014 -ngcf64)
hostname 19-S5750-2
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
nfpp
!
!
vlan 1
!
vlan 10
!
vlan 20
!
!
no service password-encryption
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/1
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/2
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/3
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/4
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/5
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/6
switchport mode trunk
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/7
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/8
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/9
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/10
switchport access vlan 10
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/11
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/12
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/13
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/14
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/15
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/16
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/17
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/18
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/19
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/20
switchport access vlan 20
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/21
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/22
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/23
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/24
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/25
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/26
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/27
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/28
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
login
password b402
!
!
end
router1 show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP
O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default
Gateway of last resort is no set
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet 0/0
C 192.168.10.254/32 is local host.
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet 0/1
C 192.168.20.254/32 is local host.
Router1 show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address(Pri) IP-Address(Sec) Status Protocol
Serial 2/0 no address no address up down
Serial 3/0 no address no address down down
GigabitEthernet 0/0 192.168.10.254/24 no address up up
GigabitEthernet 0/1 192.168.20.254/24 no address up up
VLAN 1 no address no address up down
Router1 show ip running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 1853 bytes
!
version RGOS 10.4(3b23) Release(176514)(Mon Jul 28 18:19:31 CST 2014 -ngcf62)
webmaster level 0 username admin password 7 073f07221c1c
!
!
!
!
!
!
diffserv domain default
!
!
!
!
cwmp
!
!
!
!
!
!
vlan 1
!
!
no service password-encryption
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
control-plane
!
control-plane protocol
no acpp
!
control-plane manage
no port-filter
no arp-car
no acpp
!
control-plane data
no glean-car
no acpp
!
!
!
!
enable service web-server http
enable service web-server https
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
interface Serial 2/0
encapsulation HDLC
!
interface Serial 3/0
encapsulation HDLC
clock rate 64000
!
interface FastEthernet 1/0
!
interface FastEthernet 1/1
!
interface FastEthernet 1/2
!
interface FastEthernet 1/3
!
interface FastEthernet 1/4
!
interface FastEthernet 1/5
!
interface FastEthernet 1/6
!
interface FastEthernet 1/7
!
interface FastEthernet 1/8
!
interface FastEthernet 1/9
!
interface FastEthernet 1/10
!
interface FastEthernet 1/11
!
interface FastEthernet 1/12
!
interface FastEthernet 1/13
!
interface FastEthernet 1/14
!
interface FastEthernet 1/15
!
interface FastEthernet 1/16
!
interface FastEthernet 1/17
!
interface FastEthernet 1/18
!
interface FastEthernet 1/19
!
interface FastEthernet 1/20
!
interface FastEthernet 1/21
!
interface FastEthernet 1/22
!
interface FastEthernet 1/23
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0
ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/1
ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface VLAN 1
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
ref parameter 75 140
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
End
参照上面的[实验命令]的子接口命令或实验书「3.4 单臂路由」(通过路由器的单个以太网接口实现二层交换机的 VLAN 间路由)完成下图实验。要求所有主机之间可以相互 ping 通
2a、PC2 Ping 其它 PC 后截屏
2b、显示 Router1 的路由表]
2c、把以下内容存入文件 step2.txt:(1)显示 Switch1 的 VLAN；(2) 显示 Switch1 的配置；(3)显示 Router1 的路由表；(4) 显示 Router1 的接口(简略)；(5) 显示 Router1 的配置]
Switch1 show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -----------------------------------
1 VLAN0001 STATIC Gi0/1, Gi0/2, Gi0/3, Gi0/4
Gi0/5, Gi0/6, Gi0/7, Gi0/8
Gi0/9, Gi0/11, Gi0/12, Gi0/13
Gi0/14, Gi0/15, Gi0/16, Gi0/17
Gi0/18, Gi0/19, Gi0/21, Gi0/22
Gi0/23, Gi0/24, Gi0/25, Gi0/26
Gi0/27, Gi0/28
10 VLAN0010 STATIC Gi0/6, Gi0/10, Gi0/24
20 VLAN0020 STATIC Gi0/6, Gi0/20, Gi0/24
Switch1 show runnin-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 1438 bytes
!
version RGOS 10.4(2b12)p2 Release(180357)(Mon Dec 1 17:42:40 CST 2014 -ngcf64)
hostname 19-S5750-1
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
nfpp
!
!
vlan 1
!
vlan 10
!
vlan 20
!
!
no service password-encryption
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/1
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/2
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/3
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/4
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/5
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/6
switchport mode trunk
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/7
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/8
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/9
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/10
switchport access vlan 10
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/11
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/12
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/13
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/14
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/15
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/16
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/17
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/18
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/19
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/20
switchport access vlan 20
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/21
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/22
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/23
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/24
switchport mode trunk
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/25
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/26
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/27
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/28
!
interface VLAN 10
no ip proxy-arp
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
login
password b402
!
!
end
router1 show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP
O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default
Gateway of last resort is no set
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet 0/0.10
C 192.168.10.254/32 is local host.
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet 0/0.20
C 192.168.20.254/32 is local host.
Router1 show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address(Pri) IP-Address(Sec) Status Protocol
Serial 2/0 no address no address up down
Serial 3/0 no address no address down down
GigabitEthernet 0/0.20 192.168.20.254/24 no address up up
GigabitEthernet 0/0.10 192.168.10.254/24 no address up up
GigabitEthernet 0/0 no address no address up down
GigabitEthernet 0/1 no address no address down down
VLAN 1 no address no address up down
Router1 show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 1977 bytes
!
version RGOS 10.4(3b23) Release(176514)(Mon Jul 28 18:19:31 CST 2014 -ngcf62)
webmaster level 0 username admin password 7 073f07221c1c
!
!
!
!
!
!
diffserv domain default
!
!
!
!
cwmp
!
!
!
!
!
!
vlan 1
!
!
no service password-encryption
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
control-plane
!
control-plane protocol
no acpp
!
control-plane manage
no port-filter
no arp-car
no acpp
!
control-plane data
no glean-car
no acpp
!
!
!
!
enable service web-server http
enable service web-server https
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
interface Serial 2/0
encapsulation HDLC
!
interface Serial 3/0
encapsulation HDLC
clock rate 64000
!
interface FastEthernet 1/0
!
interface FastEthernet 1/1
!
interface FastEthernet 1/2
!
interface FastEthernet 1/3
!
interface FastEthernet 1/4
!
interface FastEthernet 1/5
!
interface FastEthernet 1/6
!
interface FastEthernet 1/7
!
interface FastEthernet 1/8
!
interface FastEthernet 1/9
!
interface FastEthernet 1/10
!
interface FastEthernet 1/11
!
interface FastEthernet 1/12
!
interface FastEthernet 1/13
!
interface FastEthernet 1/14
!
interface FastEthernet 1/15
!
interface FastEthernet 1/16
!
interface FastEthernet 1/17
!
interface FastEthernet 1/18
!
interface FastEthernet 1/19
!
interface FastEthernet 1/20
!
interface FastEthernet 1/21
!
interface FastEthernet 1/22
!
interface FastEthernet 1/23
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0.10
encapsulation dot1Q 10
ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0.20
encapsulation dot1Q 20
ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/1
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface VLAN 1
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
ref parameter 75 140
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
End
按照下图进行连接, 参照上面[实验命令]的配置虚接口命令或者实验书「实验 3.3、通过三层交换机实现 VLAN 间路由」(直接通过交换机的第三层功能实现交换机的 VLAN 间路由)或在 Switch1 上配置 VLAN10 和 VLAN20 的虚接口,要求所有主机之间可以相互 ping 通
3a、PC1 Ping 其它 PC 后截屏
3b、显示 Switch1 的路由表
3c、把以下内容存入文件 step3.txt:(1)显示 Switch1 的 VLAN；(2) 显示 Switch1 的配置；(3)显示 Switch1 的路由表；(4) 显示 Switch1 的接口(简略)]
Switch1 Show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -----------------------------------
1 VLAN0001 STATIC Gi0/1, Gi0/2, Gi0/3, Gi0/4
Gi0/5, Gi0/6, Gi0/7, Gi0/8
Gi0/9, Gi0/11, Gi0/12, Gi0/13
Gi0/14, Gi0/15, Gi0/16, Gi0/17
Gi0/18, Gi0/19, Gi0/21, Gi0/22
Gi0/23, Gi0/24, Gi0/25, Gi0/26
Gi0/27, Gi0/28
10 VLAN0010 STATIC Gi0/6, Gi0/10
20 VLAN0020 STATIC Gi0/6, Gi0/20
Switch1 show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 1538 bytes
!
version RGOS 10.4(2b12)p2 Release(180357)(Mon Dec 1 17:42:40 CST 2014 -ngcf64)
hostname 19-S5750-1
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
nfpp
!
!
vlan 1
!
vlan 10
!
vlan 20
!
!
no service password-encryption
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/1
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/2
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/3
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/4
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/5
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/6
switchport mode trunk
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/7
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/8
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/9
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/10
switchport access vlan 10
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/11
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/12
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/13
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/14
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/15
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/16
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/17
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/18
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/19
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/20
switchport access vlan 20
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/21
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/22
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/23
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/24
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/25
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/26
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/27
!
interface GigabitEthernet 0/28
!
interface VLAN 10
no ip proxy-arp
ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
!
interface VLAN 20
no ip proxy-arp
ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
login
password b402
!
!
End
Switch1 show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP
O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default
Gateway of last resort is no set
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, VLAN 10
C 192.168.10.254/32 is local host.
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, VLAN 20
C 192.168.20.254/32 is local host.
Switch1 show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address(Pri) OK? Status
VLAN 10 192.168.10.254/24 YES UP
VLAN 20 192.168.20.254/24 YES UP
实验问题
| 优点 | 缺点 | |
|---|---|---|
| 多臂路由 | 可以在一定程度上保证大量数据的流通 | 所需线路多，占用接口多 |
| 单臂路由 | 可以适应各种 VLAN,如在本题中再添加 VLAN 30，不需要对 trunk 重新配置 | 不具有扩展性，若流经路由器与交换机之间链路的流量很大，这条链路就会阻塞 |
| 虚接口 | 利用三层交换机实现了路由器与二层交换机相连的功能 | 由于在数据中的传输类似单臂路由，同样也不具有扩展性 |
实验体会
实验过程遇到挺多问题，在最开始几台 PC 配置默认网关遇到了问题，在之后还有路由器端口上还遇到 VLAN10 重命名的玄学问题，消耗了挺多时间，而且重启 reload 均没有效果，最终向老师求助。
本次实验里面比较了三种 VLAN 间路由的实现方法，是在之前的理论课上完全思考过的问题，理论课上讲到 VLAN 这一部分知识点的时候只记下了 VLAN 划分网络的作用，被划开的网络之间怎样通讯的问题还有多种解决方案，总的来说，还是加深了我对网络间路由的理解。